I may forget to tell you…
I’m a registered Nurse. To be honest, I don’t know why I took up that course. I just woke up one day and I’m already enrolled in a Medical School back in the province. I learned to love my course though. Not only it helps me understand how human body and our brain ‘operates’ but it helps me more than ever in understanding how one person acts depending on his/her age. Back in college, I’m good in Psychology. I would always get perfect score in all the quizzes, and then I’ll be exempted to take the finals. Yipeee! Yup, that’s how I love the subject.
Let me introduce you to Erik Erikson...
Mga mommies, sobrang helpful nito sa atin. This is like a guide para malaman natin kung papaano dapat tayo makitungo hindi lang sa mga anak natin kundi pati na rin sa ibang tao. Each stage of growth (according to age) ay may kanya kanyang paraan ng pag handle. It will not only help us, but of course our children and our children’s’ children.
Stage: Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Basic Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust
Important Events: Feeding
Outcome: Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust, fear and a belief that the world is a conflicting and doubtful place to live in.
• This is the most fundamental stage in life. Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers. The successful development was all about striking a balance between the two opposing sides. When this happens, children acquire hope, which described as openness to experience tempered by some wariness that danger may be present.
Stage: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years old)
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Important Events: Toilet Training
Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy or independence, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
• Autonomy - is the freedom from external control or influence independence.
• The development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. That learning to control one’s bodily functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. Erikson believed that achieving a balance between autonomy and shame and doubt would lead to will, which is the belief that children can act with intention, within reason and limits.
Stage: Preschool (3 to 5 years)
Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Important Events: Exploration
Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
• Initiative – The ability to assess or act with strategy to do things independently.
• Children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. It begins by asserting control and power over the environment by taking initiative thru planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges. During this stage, it is important for caregivers to encourage exploration and to help children make appropriate choices. Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of their selves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others. Play and imagination takes on an important role at this stage. Children have their sense of initiative reinforced by being given the freedom and encouragement to play. When efforts to engage in physical and imaginative play are stifled by caregivers, children begin to feel that their self-initiated efforts are a source of embarrassment.
Stage: School Age (6 to 11 years)
Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Important Events: School
Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
• Industry – An activity or domain in which a great deal of time or effort is spent or used up.
Inferiority – badness, deficiency, imperfection, inadequacy, insignificance, meanness,
mediocrity, unimportance, worthlessness
• School and social interaction play an important role during this time of a child’s life. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Children become capable of performing increasingly complex tasks. As a result, they strive to master new skills. This stage is vital in the development of self-confidence. During school and other social activities, children receive praise and attention for performing various tasks such as reading, writing, drawing and solving problems. Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.
Stage: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Events: Social Relationships
Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
• Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. During adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self. As they make the transition from childhood to adulthood, teens may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit in to society. As they seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities and behaviors. According to Erikson, this is important to the process of forming a strong identity and developing a sense of direction in life. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future.
Stage: Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)
Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Important Events: Relationships
Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
• Intimacy – An intimate act. Close familiarity or friendship | Closeness
Isolation – The state of being alone or kept apart from others.
• During this period of time, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. Erikson believed that having a fully formed sense of self (established during the identity versus confusion stage) is essential to being able to form intimate relationships. Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.
Stage: Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)
Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Important Events: Work and Parenthood
Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
• Generativity – Having the ability to originate, produce, or procreate. Refers to "making your mark" on the world, through caring for others, creating things and accomplishing things that make the world a better place.
Stagnation – Idleness, inaction, immobility, or rest. Refers to the failure to find a way to contribute. These individuals may feel disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with the society as a whole.
• During this time, adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by having children or contributing to positive changes that benefits other people. Contributing to society and doing things to benefit future generations are important needs at the generativity versus stagnation stage of development.
Stage: Maturity (65 to death)
Basic Conflict: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Important Events: Reflection on Life
Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
• Ego – A person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance.
Integrity – The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; Moral uprightness
Despair – The complete loss or absence of hope.
• During this period, people reflect back on the life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of regret and despair over a life misspent. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.
Sana naging helpful din ito sa inyo. I’m applying this to my son and I’ve seen a good development sa bata. Kaso he went on a vacation for almost a year din sa province since gustong gusto makita ng side ng family ko. I left him there for 1 year talaga. Sobrang nakakamiss kaso tiniis ko din. But he’s with us now naman. Kaso alam niyo naman mga lola. Lahat ibibigay sa apo. Nako, parang nag iba na sya. Sobrang kulit at feeling ko minsan, ayaw makinig. I am trying again na mafollow ung theory na to. Coz as I’ve said, na gawa ko na sya dati and the results are amazing.
Good luck mga dear! ♥
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